Browsers

                        Hello guys it's Aksah in this post we are learn about Browsers, what is Browsers? and  different types of Browsers so read carefully it gives you basic knowledge of Internet, how internet was work?, so lets start. 

   Browsers :-    

• A Web Browser is a client-side software application used for retrieving displaying and navigating through the online resource available on the World Wide Web.
• Web Browser is used to access information from the web server in network or from files in file systems. Browser may also be used to save information into the file system.
• The Browsers identifies the URL and fetches the requested information or resource to the user.

Common functions offered by all major browsers include,

• The users enters the URL of the resource to be fetched on the address bar of the browsers.
• The Prefix of the URL explains the method to interpret the URL. Most of the URLs enable the recourse's to be retrieved Hypertext Transfer Protocol while some web browsers also supports prefixes like FTP i.e File Transfer Protocol.
• HTML script is passed to the browser for interpretation . Interactive script may be written using a scripting language like java script or VB script.
• The browser interprets text, images, videos and interactive script.
• The browsers allow users to open multiple tabs or windows for accessing multiple information resources at the same time. Browsers may include popup blockers which do not allow windows to open without users's permission 
• All browsers provide backward and forward buttons to navigate previous and next resource.
• History of the browsers keeps a list of previously visited web resources.
• Refresh or reload help to reload the current document in the browser.
• Stop button can be used to cancel the action on loading the resources.
• Home button enables the user to return to the website's home page.
• Search bar is used to allow user to input terms into the search engine.
• Status bar displays the progress of loading the current resource and also the URL of links when the cursor is moved over them.

Features of some popular browsers are discussed below.

1) Internet Explorer 

Internet Explorer commonly abbreviated as IE is a graphical web browser developed by Microsoft and included as a part of Windows operating system since 1995. The browser finds an upgrade with every upgraded windows version the latest being Internet Explorer 11 which can be downloaded as a free update for Windows 7- 64 bit, XP and above. Internet Explorer 11 features in windows 8.1 and was released on October 17, 2013.

Features of Internet explorer include,

• IE uses component based architecture built using Component Object Model (COM) technology.
• Internet Explorer exposed COM interfaces to allow add-on functionality to the browser. Web pages can be integrated with ActiveX controls for extending the content capabilities e.g. Adobe Flash Player and Silver light which can be installed locally.

• IE offers zone-based security and applies zone based restrictions.
• Versions of Internet Explorer support HTML 4.01 and X HTML, CSS Level 1 and 2, XML 1.0, SVG and Jscript.
• Allows organizing favorites in form of images which can be used as bookmarks.
• Internet Explorer allows tabbed browsing, Pop-Up blocking and provides user interface for FTP.
• IE caches visited pages in the Temporary Internet File folder where the content is indexed allowing quick offline access.
• IE can be configured using Group Policy, Administrators of Windows Server Domains can apply and enforce settings to change the user interface as desired. Policy settings can be configured for each user and each system. IE provides support for Integrated Windows Authentication.
• It allows grouping of sites based on conditions like editable and non-editable Internet or Intranet based site and the restrictions apply to all sites in the zone.

2) Netscape Navigator

• Netscape Navigator was a proprietary browser based on Mosaic web browser developed by Netscape and extensively used in 1990s.
• It was one of the most popular browser until 2002 as it was able to handle scripting languages like Java script. It was then discontinued from the market as other browsers took over the market of Netscape
• The evaluation copies i.e. beta versions 1.0 and 1.1 of the browser were available for free download from November 1994.
• Netscape Communicator suite was developed in 1997 is a successor of Netscape Navigator and was a base for Mozilla Application Suite which is popularly known as SeaMonkey.
• Netscape's Mozilla suite became a base for developing the most commonly used browser, Mozilla Firefox.

3) OPERA

• Opera is a browser and Internet suite developed by Opera software. It is one of the fastest and smallest browsers.
• The browser handle common internet related functions such as displaying web pages, sending and receiving emails, online chatting, downloading files and browsing through web resources.
• Opera is compatible with operating systems like Microsoft Windows, Mac and Linux and is offered for download for personal computer. Editions of Opera are available for Android and iPhone devices. 

 Features of Opera Include

1. Tabbed browsing
2. Page Zooming
3. Mouse Gestures
4. Download Manager
5. Built-in phishing
6. Malware protection
7. Strong Encryption
8. HTTP cookies

4) Firefox

Firefox in a freely available, open source web browser by Mozilla Application Suite. It is managed by Mozilla and is second most widely used browser after Chrome.

      Firefox uses Gecko layout engine, which is known to implement most current web standards. The latest Firefox features incremental find, live bookmarking, a download manager, private browsing, and location-aware browsing (also known as "geolocation") based exclusively on a Google service. The code is based on Mozilla code and is available for Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Mac OS and Linux. Latest version released officially is 49.0.2

Some features of Firefox included in the new version are:

• Improved look and feel : allows themes to dress up your browser 
• TraceMonkey JavaScript Engine: for better scripting and performance
• Compatibility for more than 70 languages: translations also available
• Provides support for HTML 5 audio, video and canvas elements: allows web developer to create animations 
• Provides support for all most all downloadable fonts : allows automatic installation of fonts which the website was designed to display 
• Allows private browsing: provides tools for controlling private data 
• Supports all the new web technologies : CSS media queries, JavaScript. query selectors, HTML 5 local and offline storage, now transformations and properties 
• Improved text rendering : rendering scripts and other languages in remarkably seamless way 
• Native JSON support 
• Pop-Up blocker : allow to create list of trusted and choice to view blocked Pop-Up
• Search suggestions : provide suggestion while searching by prompting allowing search bar for conversions and calculations 
• Location Aware Browsing: allowing to share your location known a geolocation exclusively based on Google services
• Incremental find : Provide real-time suggestions to progressively search for a filter through text
• Live bookmarking : Supports RSS feeds and bookmarks tool for frequently used web site and also used Firefox extensions with bookmarks

5) Chrome

 Chrome is a Web browser by google. Chrome is one of the first browser to incorporate machine translation wit the browser itself, without any requirement of additional plugins or extensions. Presently it is one of the most popular web browser due its features which includes :

• SIMPLICITY :   The browser window is simple, well-structured and streamlined. Moreover, Chrome includes all features that are designed for efficiency and ease of use like provision to search and navigate from the same window  and arrange tabs for browsing as per users need.
• SPEED : Chrome is designed for speed and efficiency. It has quick start-up from the desktop is efficient in rendering web pages and running complex web application.
• SECURITY : Chrome is designed with build-in safety and security features of auto update of latest security updates, phishing and malware protection. 

6) Mozilla

• Mozilla is not a web browser. It is a framework used for building better web  applications using standards. Mozilla is a open source project developing a complete set of web application including browsers, e-mail, news, chat and more.
• Mozilla is a term used in relation to Netscape Communication Corporation and its related application software, the Mozilla.org group and its success the Mozilla foundation.
• Mozilla originally describes three distinct entities : 

1. The Codename for Netscape Navigator Software project 
2. The official and original name of Mozilla Application Suite, now known as SeaMonkey
3. The mascot of Netscspe

• Products of Mozilla include 

1. Firefox : the most popular browser used today 
2. Thunderbird : Secure, fast and easy to use email 
3. SeaMonkey : browser, e-mail, chat and edit all in one application 
4. Bugzilla: a bug tracking tool 
5. Camino: a web browser for Macintosh 
6. Lightning and Sunbird : Calendar organizing extension

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